clouds

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Clouds are visible masses of ice or condensed liquid water droplets that are light enough to stay suspended or floating in the atmosphere. The cloud formation process starts with the condensation of water vapor into liquid droplets. When the air becomes saturated or unable to hold any more moisture, clouds form. The water vapor attaches to condensation nuclei which are extremely small particles such as dust or soot. As more and more vapor molecules collect around them, they grow in size. Eventually, these invisible particles have collected enough to form cloud droplets which are visible in the sky as clouds. If cloud droplets become heavy enough, they will fall to earth as precipitation, though not all clouds produce precipitation.
Clouds usually appear white because the tiny water droplets inside them are tightly packed, reflecting most of the sunlight that hits them. White is how our eyes perceive all wavelengths of sunlight mixed together. When it’s about to rain, clouds darken because the water vapor is clumping together into raindrops, leaving larger spaces between drops of water. Less light is reflected. The rain cloud appears black or gray.

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